Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Physics of Bowling Essays -- physics bowling sport sports
Aside from being one of the most accessible (and best!) sports out there, many aspects of bowling can be expressed with physics. Achieving maximum power, throwing a hook ball, and getting good pin action can all be broken down into physics issues and represented with equations. I will cover four aspects of bowling that can be explained with physics terms and show you how to use this knowledge to optimize your game. Gravitational Potential Energy Depending on the height from which the bowler drops the bowling ball, the ball will have a certain amount of potential energy. If the bowler bowls with a straight ball, the potential energy of the ball will not affect their game very much. It will, however, draw attention to the bowler when they drop the ball sufficiently high as to broadcast sonic reverberations of the ensuing lane-punishment for the rest of the bowlers to hear (and laugh at). Thus, it is in the straight-ball bowler's best interests to keep the ball as close to the lane as possible upon release. Bowlers who bowl with a hook-ball have even more at stake. The more potential energy the ball has upon release, the longer it will bounce as it travels down the lane. This translates into less opportunity for a hook-ball to catch friction against the lane. Remember, the horizontal velocity is independent of the vertical velocity, hence (assuming the ball is always thrown with a force parallel to the horizon) the ball will take the same amount of time to reach the pins, regardless of how much time it spends airborne. Direction of the Initial Force For maximum impact, the bowler must release the ball with a force perfectly parallel to the horizon. Since the horizontal velocity is independent of the vertical velocity, an... ... an elastic collision. The pins bounce against one another because their momentum is conserved during the collision(s). To achieve the most pin action, the bowler must put plenty of energy into the system and also find a direction of impact to efficiently distribute the kinetic energy. During pin action, some of the energy is transformed into sound. If the bowler's throw produces a single, loud *dink* sound, they are hearing the audible period punctuating their failure of a throw. On the other hand, if the bowler's throw produces a sound not unlike a marble statue being clubbed to death, this means two things. First, there must be lots of pin action to be producing all of those collision sounds; second, the bowler is very strong, has thrown the ball parallel to the horizon, and has hit the pins at an angle capable of distributing the kinetic energy efficiently.
Monday, January 13, 2020
Environmental Justice In Central America Region: A Critical Perspective Essay
This paper aims to talk a about the realities of life in the Central America region without withholding any truth about the situation in the country. The things that will be dealt with in this paper is very relevant in giving inquiries about how the economic and political intervention of superior countries affect the whole lives of the people in the Central America region. Introduction            Human needs do not only include the necessity to eat meals everyday. It also includes the right to live with dignity and self-reliance without the oppressive intervention of other countries. Life in the Central America region is just as simple as that of other third world countries, that are known to be developing in their status. People there are also hoping for a peaceful, harmonious and progressive existence on earth. That is why people are trying hard to cope up with the changes in the environment brought out by the decisions made by man.            The decisions that I am talking about has something to do with the ability to commit to the preservation of natural resources in the region. Without the will to choose preservation of natural resources, the next generation of the said region will suffer after the prior generation will harvest what nature has to give back. It is not debatable that the people in the region are suffering through the years due to lack of giving importance of natural resources. There may be different factors outside the will of the people, that has been considered as the causes of this event, but at some extent, it is still the fight of the people that will stop the environmental abuse in the region. The environment is no longer working in line with man’s needs but rather going against it. The said situation is very alarming that many scholars and authors like Roberts and Thanos who gave a very comprehensive and relevant criticism and analysis of the situation in Central American region. This paper then, would be guided by the way how the two authors attacked the environmental injustice that occurred in the region under study.            Basically, the needs of an individual alone will include food, shelter and clothing. These needs must be provided to the person because it will serve as one factor on how he would live his life. The moment these needs are not achieved, the individual will suffer physically, as he would get sick due to lack of food, shelter and clothing. The individual will also suffer psychologically and emotionally as he would be disturbed on the difficulty of his situation. Therefore, human needs must be met in all circumstances in life.            In connection with that, it is humbly and respectfully submitted that, the necessity of the development of long-term and sustainable alternative production mechanisms and the promotion that human needs must determine the distribution of food are the solutions to stop environmental crises and poverty in Central America region. Thus, politics and economics must not be the determinant factors or basis in the distribution of food in the region, but human needs in general. What has been the root cause of this submission? The authors of the book â€Å"Trouble In Paradise†, which are Roberts and Thanos perfectly pointed out the environmental problems in the Central America region which greatly affected the lives of the people and will surely affect the next generation. The book talks about Green Revolutions, Deforestation, and New Ideas, that are very much related with each other. Basically, it was pointed out in the article that the widespread adoption of pesticides and fertilizers as well as the rapid growth of biotechnology and genetic seed manipulations altered the human conditions in the region. With that, there is a need to work hard in order to solve the problem.            The purpose of the said changes and innovation in the said region is the attainment of modernization and economic progress at the expense of the environmental or ecological balance. It must be stated that without the preservation of the environment, the economic progress that has been achieved will become useless by the time floods, storms and other calamities will occur due to abuse in nature.            Deforestation has been done to be able to supply logging needs of other countries with the hope of gaining profits with the said import transaction without thinking that eventually, it will cause greater problems aside from poor economic condition. The problems of overpopulation, unequal distribution of wealth and land, as well as natural hazards occurred in the region affecting the lives of the people. If nothing will be done at the moment, the problem will become worse and worse as the time continue to roll. Environmental Justice in Central America Region            Roberts and Thanos practically stated that, the purposes of the modernization of agriculture are to develop the third world through United States aid projects, address poverty and economic stagnation as well as to create markets for United States products. Actually, there is something questionable on these purposes, as these has been the reason why many people are suffering in the Central America region. In the guise of United States aid projects, the countries in the region are affected by the results of widespread modernization of agriculture.            The main reason why it should be done is to augment the food supply system in the region and to sell the agricultural products surplus to other countries. But, the ends does not justifies the means, as the purpose was defeated in the long run. It is true that poverty is addressed in those ways, but there was no valid and diligent consideration on how the processes will affect ecological balance in the region.            What is more shocking is the very purpose of finding dumping grounds for the products produced by the Americans. The country tried to look for markets for their products by means of establishing connection with other countries, particularly third world countries through giving them numerous aid projects in return. The said underground purpose of the American nation is so oppressive and destructive that it should be stopped. Third world countries must be given their chance to govern their own economic and political development under environmental justice considerations.            There were so many problems that occurred in the region due to the Green Revolution, that is the modernization of agriculture. First, the said modernization of agriculture was not introduced into a social vacuum. The modern techniques for agricultural production was mainly confined on the rich and affluent families that are connected with political leaders that they are closely associated with. The poor and working tenants or the masses were not informed of the said modern techniques. This is because the modern techniques of agricultural production is the vehicle for producing export commodities. The local inhabitants were not taken into consideration as there will be no profits that can be taken from them. Their role in the situation is to become the working class as farmers and not to share with the fruits of their labor.            Second, the situation reinforced and worsened the economic and social divisions in the Central America region. The truth is, few of the elite landowners as well as wealthier peasant farmers and the poor are greatly divided as there was a great disparity of their income and social standing. The poor and working class, who were the people who caused the tremendous production of agricultural products were downgraded to wage laborer status instead of getting an appropriate share of the profits.            Third, there was a terrible states of erosion and contamination. This happened because there was a serious and heavy reliance on agrochemicals that created ecological damages. Merriam- Webster On line Dictionary simply defined agrochemicals as those belonging to fields or soil (â€Å"Agrochemicals†). Practically, agrochemicals were used to control the presence of pests in the agricultural fields worldwide to be able to prevent it from destroying the crops.            However, this solution to the problem was not really effective and there was no difference on the results when agrochemicals are used compared to its lack of use. Roberts and Thanos declared in their work that, pests continue to destruct around 37% of the world’s agricultural products and compared to the time before the modernization of agriculture, pests also caused the loss of 34-40% of all the global agricultural production (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70). Thus, due to the ineffectiveness of the use of agrochemicals, the environment was affected and the ecology with all its living things suffered imbalance. Now, what are other effects of this destructive practice in farming? What about the share of political agenda on this matter? Was it fair for the people in general?            Unfortunately, the answers of these questions were vague and we need to seriously deal with this. Roberts and Thanos correctly commented that, in the political arena, what happened was that, agricultural inputs such as seeds and machinery that are exported from wealthy countries are very expensive but agricultural products are sold cheap (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70). This means that aside from the environmental injustice that was brought by the use of agrochemicals, there was also an economic unfairness that was experience by those farmers who worked hard to till the land that may be owned by them or by rich large landowners.            What is worse is the fact that, there was a finding that pesticide poisonings known as nemoticide caused sterility in male laborers. This product was actually banned in the United States but was dumped or sold in the Central America region (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70). The product was obviously banned due to its negative effects in the health of the person. The farm workers who will be affected in the said pesticide will surely suffer.            Besides, regulatory agencies and United States manufacturers were aware of the danger of pesticide use but there was no care on the matter as long as profits can be taken from the export of pesticide activities (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70). The dumping ground of this product are the third world countries of which are trying hard to improve their agricultural production for economic advancement. Then, the third world countries are easy prey to the deception that was done in terms of exporting dangerous nemoticide chemical. In order to facilitate the export of these restricted pesticide products, the same were illegally shipped to third world countries without warning labels of its negative effect in their consumption pertaining to agricultural production (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70).            In addition to that, Roberts and Thanos also pointed out that, the said dangerous chemical can also affect women and children (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70).Going back to the scenario wherein the other poor and working peasants became the workers of the large lands to produce export commodities, there were many negative effects it would bring to them in particular. The owners of these farms only raked profits of the production but little did they know that the farmers who worked in the farm experienced health problems in the process.            Women and children can be seen in the farm helping in the production process. The children, young as they were, would help in harvesting the export commodities produced in the fields. Women also work, in addition to the activities they are confined with in their homes. In line with these, Pan International said that, short term economic interests greatly affects policy-making (â€Å"Dangerous Pesticide Use In Central America-Wanted A New Approach†, 2001, p. 1). The said interests of producers of those export commodities and the pesticide industry have prevailed over concerns of public health (â€Å"Dangerous Pesticide Use In Central America-Wanted A New Approach†, 2001, p.1). This was really a sad report and very unfair for that matter.            Another thing is that, theres was a directive to use pesticides safely but by all means use pesticides in the agricultural production (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70). Yet, the assurance was repeated by pesticide producers and backed up by scientific studies which was paid for and done by pesticide companies themselves (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70).That was also a case of utter deception. It was pointed out by Pan International that, pesticides are hazardous technology when used under conditions that cannot give a minimum of safety, and they have negative effects in the worker’s health (â€Å"Dangerous Pesticide Use In Central America-Wanted A New Approach†, 2001, p.1).            The truth is, this is incompatible with principles of sustainable development. Global community defined sustainable development as the sound balance among the interactions designed to make a healthy economic growth, preserve environmental quality, make a wise decision on our resources and enhance social benefits (â€Å"Definition of Sustainable Development†). Another thing that was done by companies to produce export commodities was the biotechnology industry. Roberts and Thanos explained that, â€Å"many seed and biotechnology companies was bought by chemical producers who made species resistant to their own herbicides, so that other plants will die while only the modified species continues to grow after application of weed killers†(Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 70). This process will also destroy ecological balance as it will eventually make other living things extinct.            Moreover, the University of Texas Press also pointed out that, economic reform or liberalization in Latin America generally included the eradication of protectionist rules, the availability of international markets by decreasing tariffs and quotas, the privatization and or disbanding of government corporations for rural credit, infrastructure, commercialization and technical assistance, the end or even reversal of land reform rules and regulations and the radicalization or reorientation of food policies pointed on the internal market toward an export-based agricultural economy (â€Å"Food For The Few: Neoliberal Globalism and Biotechnology in Latin America†, 2008, p. 1). The effects on this pattern was directed to the constituents of the third world countries, particularly the Central America region. Aside from that, the University Press presented the fact that, â€Å"many people are excluded as producers by the new agricultural policies and technologies†(â€Å"Food For The Few: Neoliberal Globalism and Biotechnology in Latin America†, 2008, p. 1).            Furthermore, the ranks of the unemployed was increased due to this phenomenon and peasant farmers were made as wage workers (â€Å"Food For The Few: Neoliberal Globalism and Biotechnology in Latin America†, 2008, p. 1). The sad thing is that, third world counties possess the largest plant biological diversity on earth, as well as the largest problems of soil depletion and environmental problems (â€Å"Food For The Few: Neoliberal Globalism and Biotechnology in Latin America†, 2008, p. 1). The injustice that we knew through this fact is very evident and degrading on the part of developing countries that for so long, they were deceived and used by oppressive rules and polices.             This time, we will be informed of the effects of deforestation due to the efforts of agricultural modernization of countries. But before that, it is wise to define first the term modernization. Global Change defined deforestation, as â€Å"the conversion of forest to another use or the long- term decrease of the tree canopy to include below a 10% threshold†(â€Å"Deforestation†). It also implies the long-term or permanent loss of forest cover and its transformation into another land use (â€Å"Deforestation†). Some of the activities that are very much related to deforestation are forest clearing, degradation and fragmentation by means of timber harvest, conversion to agricultural road building and human-caused fire (â€Å"Deforestation†). Merriam-Webster also simply defined deforestation, as the action or process of clearing of forests, the state of having been cleared of forests (â€Å"Deforestation†).            Roberts and Thanos mentioned that, rich countries are considered consumers of forest timber and they contribute to deforestation in a large capacity (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 77). The regular harvest of timber products without replacing them was exported to wealthy nations for their use. The Central America region is rich in its timber products resources and it follows that many of its forests were victims of rampant deforestation.            Aside from that, each generational increase in human numbers places additional demands on land and natural resources (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 77). The people will cut more and more trees and clear the forest fro them to have additional place to live and land to till for survival. Those who are poor and cannot afford a land for their own, will be forced to go to the countryside to live. They would develop the forest area on their own way and live there with their extending families. As a result, in the Central America region, the forest was in the edge of disaster due to deforestation (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 77). The living things that can be found in the area will loose its place to live. As a result, they would become extinct in the long run. Extinction of living things in the ecosystem will cause ecological imbalance affecting the entire place. Ecological imbalance will affect farming activities that will cause shortage in the production of food resources.            There are examples of forest in the Central America region that is known for its rich biodiversity features and natural resources. In Mexico, for instance, the forest named as Lacondona Forest was known for its rich natural resources and wide area (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 78). Also, in Costa Rica their forests was famous for being full of bird species larger in numbers compared to other countries with the same land area. This fact is good to know but was disrupted by the fact that these forests has been used to produce timber products for export purposes without doubling its reforestation activities. It is alarming to note that trees were cut in these areas without giving much effort in replacing those trees that had been cut. The soil erosion is common in areas were tress are always cut and were forest were cleared. That would cause flood and storms that will affect the people living in the area. If there will be more floods in these areas, the lives of the people will be displaced. Many will die and get sick for that matter.            In line with that, Roberts and Thanos practically mentioned that, there were some research pertaining to this matter speaking that, when there is environmental degradation, social inequality increases (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 78). As the natural resources become depleted, the rich nations will find more places to exploit almost destroying all forests, while the poor ones will eventually loose its home. More people will loose their jobs and others will continue working with timber companies having a low wage. Children will suffer from too much hunger and their development as a child will be affected. The women in the families will live within their means that is already too small for their families to survive. Their families will suffer diseases brought by famine and natural disasters while the rich ones continue to live comfortably. This social inequality had exists in the region for so many years and will continue to happen if the environmental problems will not be given priority for solutions. While the rich countries are the most benefited by the natural resources production of developing countries, they should be aware that if they will continue to do this practice, they would also be eventually affected because we are just living in the same planet.            With that, Roberts and Thanos pointed out that, transnational groups such as the World Wide life Fund, Conservation International and Nature Conservancy intended to give assistance and funding to countries that were politically â€Å"open†and where there were already active local conservation groups (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 78). Now, what is the rationale for this one?Why is it necessary for the wealthy countries to select only those politically open nations to extend aid projects? That was very alarming and it means injustice. Admittedly, it could be logically said that wealthy countries would give help in the guise of financial aid for reforestation projects to get something in return. They like those nations who could give them favor while they extend funding to them. As such, the developing countries will believe with them because of the hope that they could use the extended or sponsored reforestation to rehabilitate their already destroyed forests. Yet, these purpose actually cause so many problems involving the same people who live in the areas where forests are rehabilitated to some extent by foreign aid projects.            In line with that, Roberts and Thanos were aware that, forest-dwelling individuals were relocated out of the protected areas and treated as poaches if they continued to harvest fuel wood, wildlife, medicines or other forest resources that had sustained them for generations Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 79). It would be unfair for this people who are the most holder of rights to live in the area knowing that they can no longer survive to live in the cities. Their only resort is to live in the forest and depend on the natural resources that they could get there. These natural resources are the only things that they could afford because they do not have the money to afford things that are sold in the city like medicines, foods and even clothing.            For so long, they were so dependent on the produce of the forest for food for their families to survive. Thus, any attempt to deprive them of the right to take resources in the forest and to live there give them no choice but to rebel. It is ironic that the people who occupied and called the lands their owned were not allowed to use the same for their benefits. Then, it was absurd to rehabilitate forests when the supposed to be recipients are driven away.            While it is true that there was a peasant- administered conservation reforestation projects, the same was not reasonable and fair. Roberts and Thanos confided with this respect that, large landowners were reportedly paid up seven times more than small landholders and squatters were paid less Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 79). The said disparity in payment is not acceptable in a society that loves freedom and self-reliance. That was an example of economic and environmental injustice to the prejudice of the people in the Central America region.            However, no matter how unfair the situation may be, as long as it can contribute to the rehabilitation of the forests, then it would be okay. The best thing that should be done is fight for the rights that is accorded to an individual so that injustice will not prevail. Yet, how said it is to say this, that if we succeed in saving an ecosystem but lose the people that are a part of it, what have we really won? No matter how we try to save the environment when the people are no longer surviving, it will be useless.            One solution to the problem is the introduction of ecotourism. This term was simply defined by the American Heritage Dictionary of the American Language as, a tourism involving travel to places of natural or ecological interest, typically under the guidance of a naturalist, for the purpose of observing wildlife and learning about the environment (â€Å"Definition of Ecotourism†). This means that, there were groups of people who are holding projects in this purpose for governmental profits or purposes and sometimes aided by foreign funding.            Tourists are the frequent visitors of places that are placed as ecotourism business and only few of the domestic people who availed of the said services. These people who avail services under ecotourism pay an indigenous community, government agency, or even private establishment to let them â€Å"experience nature†(Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 80). They would really enjoy the adventure as the forests in the Central America region are beautiful places to visit with and that it was known for its rich biodiversity and ecological resources.            Actually, the visitors will also be informed of the importance of ecological imbalance. However, environmentally benign projects, like observing or feeding wildlife, can be incredibly disruptive when repeated by flocks of ecotourists everyday, or even several times a day (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 80). That means the living things that are preserved in ecological preservation projects are â€Å"preserved to death†as pointed out by Roberts and Thanos (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 80). For instance, if there were many birds in the area for ecotourists, these species of birds will be disrupted by the constant presence of people who will sometimes feed them improperly. Besides, due to the increase of the number of tourists in the area, it could be possible that building other infrastructure within the area for commercial purposes could happen. The aim of preserving the ecology would become useless if this thing would occur.            At this juncture, it is expected that we will be informed of the contentious globalization touching the topic of international law, treaties, green labeling and human rights. This is a very important topic since it talks about the dynamics of the environmental problems in the Central America region. According to Roberts and Thanos, Justice Lloyd Doggett’s decision to allow the suit in a Texas court was a pivotal step in the international struggle to make transnational corporations more accountable to their employees (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 81). This a practical solution to end utter oppression in the region leaving the indigenous inhabitants nothing in their hands as if their lives depends upon the whims and caprices of these transnational corporations.            In connection with that,this was considered an international struggle because the problem is not only existent in the Central America region but also in other third world countries. The said case proposed that, the principal determinants in the case were political, economic and social factors-not technical or procedural factors as claimed by Dow and Shell (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 80). If the principal determinants of the case would be technical and procedural factors, the rationale that was built within the law used as the basis for rendering decision will be put to nothing.            There was a very strong argument that is connected of the case given as an example on how international law would come to the rescue concerning international struggle for environmental injustice. If we could remember the cases of laborers who are victims of sterility due to the dangerous chemical nemoticide produced by Dow and Shell Companies, thousands of farmers filed cases against them asking for damages (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 71). In line with that, the dominance of profit interests as well as control over information and technology by the manufacturers who concealed early toxicological research evidence of the reproductive hazards and by the managers of the banana producer-companies influenced and ultimately determined the case (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 81). Profit-oriented companies do not care with the health of the people and instead refuse to disclose the danger of said chemicals early on so that the peasants could prepare and be warned of its ill effects.            There were so many people who fought to solve these problems in the region. Many people also fall as victims of human rights violations as they magnified their struggles. Some died for that matter. With that, Roberts and Thanos wrote that, the deaths of these people gives us an idea that we must turn our focus to the social and political underpinnings of violence. It was so sad that individuals needed to shed blood in order to defend their own lands. For example, Sign On San Diego pointed out that, a leading human rights group said that, it had lost its faith in Mexico’s legal system and would take is efforts to clear the names of two celebrated anti-logging activists to an international tribunal (â€Å"Mexican Rights Groups Says It Will Take Environmentalists Case To International Court†, 2002, p. 1).            Finally, alternative production mechanisms should be done by the people in their own efforts with the assistance of their governments in the region. The organic food production was tried wherein the use of pesticides was lessened to some extent. However, Roberts and Thanos reported that only a few profit will go to the contract farmer and the rest of the fruit of his labor will go to the seeds producer, fertilizer companies and others (Roberts and Thanos, 2003, p. 81). Fair trade efforts was also done wherein farmers were paid a fair amount or living wage on their exported products. Conclusion            The destruction of the environment will result to the suffering of the people. It will create a dilemma that will haunt them as pervasive as to the next generation. That is why it is necessary to take good care of the ecological balance of nature. Deforestation must be stopped and reforestation must be done double time. This is because according to the Rotarian Fellowship for Population and Development, deforestation contributes to soil erosion, scarcity of water, and climate changes (â€Å"Population and Deforestation in Central America†). Aside from that, three fourths of Central America is hilly or mountainous and that when it would be stripped with cover and the trees would be cut, it would unable to hold water and soil (â€Å"Population and Deforestation in Central America†). As a result, the destruction from Hurricane Mitch was seriously caused by the deforestation because of overpopulation in the region.            It is also concluded that, the environmental preservation projects that was made in the forests of the Central America region was not sustainable because it could disrupt the existence of living things in places made and intended for ecotourism. The purpose of preserving the wild animals and plants will be defeated of the constant presence of visitors and adventurers in the area. Thus, environmentally-benign projects are indeed not sustainable.            Finally, we should learn lessons from this paper since it has something to do with our survival and the future of the next generation. We must admit that all things are interconnected that any destruction done in the other side of the globe would affect us in one way or another. The realization that the environment is the common factor that would help us solve poverty is evident and we should not discard the idea. It may be true that wealthy nations will live comfortably because of the wealth that was taken from deforestation and inappropriate farming methods, but time will come that they would experience calamities as a result of the ecological abuse. Therefore, all of us must unite in preserving the fragile planet in which all of us are housed. References Global Change. (2008). Global Deforestation. Retrieved March 23, 2008,           from            http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/global/change2/current/lectures/deforest/deforest.html. Global Community. (2008). Definition of Sustainable Development. Retrieved March 23, 2008 from            http://globalcommunitywebnet.com/globalcommunity/definitionsustainabledevelopment.htm Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.(2008). Agrochemicals. Retrieved March 23, 2008, from            http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/agrochemicals. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. (2008). Deforestation. Retrieved March 23, 2008, from            http://www.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/dictionary&book=dictionary&va=deforestation. Pan International Website. ( December 2001). Dangerous Pesticide Use In Central America-    WantedA New Approach. Retrieved March 23, 2008 from http://www.pomuk.org/pestnews/            issue/pn54p.12.htm Roberts, J. T. and Thanos, N. D. (2003). Trouble In Paradise. USA: Routledge. Rotarian Fellowship for Population and Development. (2008). Population and Deforestation:   Central America. Retrieved March 23, 2008, from            http://www.rifpd.org/overview/predicaments/enviroment/deforestation/deforestation.html. Sign On San Diego. (21 August 2002). Mexican Rights Group Says That It Will Take                                  EnvironmentalistsCase To International Court. Retrieved March 23, 2008, from            http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/mexico/20020821-1356-mexico-humanrights.html. The American Heritage: Dictionary of American Language. (2000). Definition of Ecotourism.                                                                                                                                                           20            Retrieved March 23, 2008, from http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/            ecotourism. University of Texas Press. (2008). Food For The Few: Neoliberal Globalism and Biotechnology in            Latin America. Retrieved March 23, 2008, from http://www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/            exotefoo.html. Â
Sunday, January 5, 2020
Transportation Globalization and International Trade Free Essay Example, 3500 words
The country China is pointed out especially for the reason that with the growth of the industrial sector of this country, the export and import activities of China has excessively increased. Like in the above-mentioned case most of the trade takes place between geographical locations which are about three thousand kilometers apart. There are several modes through which the strategic business locations are connected throughout the world. Strong transport chains should be implemented so that the flow of information and resources remain undisturbed. There are basically two main modes with the help of which most of the international trades are being conducted. Maritime shipping is definitely one of those modes, along with air transport. Among these two modes, maritime shipping is considered more important due to the fact that it handles about ninety percent of the total tonnage that is being transported throughout the globe. Cargo transmission by containerized shipping is the most advan ced forms of tonnage transmission. The transportation system of the maritime consists of a series of major gateways which grants access to the industrial regions and also the consumption belts. We will write a custom essay sample on Transportation Globalization and International Trade or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now To make the flow of transportation smooth there are some major hubs located at different points in the system. (Rodriguez, 1). These hubs act as points of interconnection. The other important and advanced mode of transport which caters to international locations is the airlines. Though when compared to the tonnage handling capacity this mode is much lower than the maritime shipping, but with advanced technological developments and sophisticated network management system, the value created by the airlines is much more than shipping. (Transportation, Globalization and International Trade, 2009). The other modes such as roads and railways control very minute portion of the international trade affairs, these transport mainly caters to most national and regional transport activities.
Saturday, December 28, 2019
Perl String lc() Function
Starting out with a new programming language can be challenging. Learning the functions is one way to go about it. The Perl string lc() function and uc() function are two basic functions that are easy to understandâ€â€they convert a string to all lowercase or all uppercase respectively. Perl String lc() Function The Perl lc() function takes a string, makes the entire thing lowercase and then returns the new string. For example: #!/usr/bin/perl $orig_string This Test Is Capitalized; $changed_string lc( $orig_string ); print The Resulting String is: $changed_string\n; When executed, this code yields: The Resulting String is: this test is capitalized First, $orig_string is set to a valueâ€â€in this case, This Test Is Capitalized. Then the lc() function is run on $orig_string. The lc() function takes the entire string $orig_string and converts it to its lowercase equivalent and prints it out as instructed. Perl String uc() Function As you might expect, Perls uc() function converts a string to all uppercase characters in the same manner. Just substitute uc for lc in the example above, as shown: #!/usr/bin/perl $orig_string This Test Is Capitalized; $changed_string uc( $orig_string ); print The Resulting String is: $changed_string\n; When executed, this code yields: The Resulting String is: THIS TEST IS CAPITALIZED About Perl Perl is a feature-rich programming language that was originally developed for use with text. It is cross-platform and runs on more than 100 platforms. Perl works with HTML and other markup languages, so it is frequently used in web development. Check out the Perl string length function to do more with strings.
Friday, December 20, 2019
A Splendid Exchange Essay - 1491 Words
Dennis Berk A.P. World Dr. Andrews Summer Assignment The accelerating pace of international trade is one of the most dominating, and important features, of contemporary life. Globalization is creating widespread changes for societies, economics, and governments. Since the invention of the steam engine, transportation and communication limits have faded away and, with the development of the Internet, practically disappeared. A case can be made for the proposition that trade, throughout history, has been the main engine for the development of the world as we know it today. In his book, A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World, William J. Bernstein makes this case. The main thesis of A Splendid†¦show more content†¦It has shown me how important trade was and how difficult it used to be compared to now. Today, many people have cell phones and even more people have access to a television, radio, or the Internet, so, for example, if an event occurs in South Korea in less t han an hour news stations all over the world are reporting about it and have analysts debate about it for hours. However, back in the 1000’s and 1100’s, if you were living in France, and an event occurs in China, there is a good chance that the person living in France would never know about it. Also, in the 1000’s or 1100’s if you were born in a village in England, unless you were a merchant, chances are that you would not go further than 50 miles in any direction from where you were born. Transportation in the 1000’s and 1100’s was limited to walking and sea travel. Sea travel was very dangerous, due to pirates and poorly made ships, so many Europeans didn’t risk it. Today, with the invention of the steam engine, automobile, and airplane to go from New York to California by plane takes only six hours, although you are traveling around 3000 feet. In today’s world it’s no big deal if you travel 3000 feet in one day, but in the 1000’s and 1100’s this was such a radical thought that no one had ever even wasted their time trying to think about it. William J. Bernstein asks many questions in his novel. One of them is how goods got from China to Rome. Bernstein answers thisShow MoreRelatedA Splendid Exchange Essay703 Words  | 3 Pagesï » ¿MGT 5312: International Management Book Review # 1 A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World. Bernstein, William J. New York: Grove Press, 2008. 467 pp. A Splendid Exchange is an inside look at how trade has had an impact on human development. The book answers the questions of how trade developed, how it expanded, and how trade is an essential economic force. The author, William J. Bernstein, explains how trade almost always benefits the nations that engage in it, but only when averagedRead MoreThe Effect Of Pleasure And Disquietude By George Orwell And A Thousand Splendid Suns By Khaled Hosseini1044 Words  | 5 Pagesgreat combination of pleasure and disquietude are 1984 by George Orwell and A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini. In many instances throughout these novels there are conflicting feelings about war, society, and humanity. Orwell and Hosseini use details and imagery to show characters and events that create the conflicting emotions of pleasure and disquietude in the reader. In 1984 and A Thousand Splendid Suns, practically every positive emotion felt by the reader is followed by conflictingRead MoreSummary Of A Thousand Splendid Suns 1467 Words  | 6 PagesCharacter The plot of A Thousand Splendid Suns revolves around two protagonists: Laila and Mariam. Most of the story’s characters are round, but Mariam and Laila are exceptionally complex. Mariam is a harami, a bastard, that leaves her mother, Nana, in order to live with Jalil, her father. Jalil rejects her, and Jalil and Mariam later regret the decisions that they made at that point in their lives. Mariam is a quiet, thoughtful, and kind woman who was born in Herat, and her face has been describedRead MoreA Thousand Splendid Suns By Khaled Hosseini1504 Words  | 7 PagesA Thousand Splendid Suns is an historical fiction novel, written by Khaled Hosseini, set in Afghanistan during the late 1960’s to early 2000’s. It follows the life of Mariam, a ‘harami’ child, who experiences the twisted reality of polygamy first hand. Hosseini explores thought provoking ideas in a society where gender inequality and poorly valued education is the normality. Hosseini†™s main purpose is to show the importance of differing perspectives, as well as how to discern between the right andRead MoreA Thousand Splendid Suns Essay1115 Words  | 5 PagesJoey F 2/17/13 P.6 A Thousand Splendid Suns Essay â€Å"An heirloom-breaking, clumsy little harami†(Hosseini 4), sets the tone for the beginning of Mariam’s life throughout the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns. Many women are mistreated throughout the novel, but Mariam’s childhood is much tougher because she is a harami, or â€Å"bastard child†. Mariam tries to find emotional and physical shelter in her lifetime, but struggles to find it. In the beginning of her life she can’t find emotional shelterRead MoreThe Kite Runner and a Thousand Splendid Suns Essay711 Words  | 3 PagesKhaled Hosseini’s novels, The Kite Runner (year), and A Thousand Splendid Suns (2007) both explore the idea that a significant individual can inspire a course of action, which may result in a change of self. In the novel The Kite Runner, the protagonist, Amir, is a young boy growing up in a well off family in Kabul, Afghanistan. Amir’s closest friend is Hassan, the son of his family’s beloved servant. Amir’s self image at the beginning of the novel is one in which he views himself as a cowardRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1591 Words  | 7 Pagesanyone there on the grounds that they are all too weak to take him on, he insists he has come for a friendly Christmas game: someone is to strike him once with his axe on condition that the Green Knight may return the blow in a year and a day. The splendid axe will belong to whomever takes him on. Arthur himself is prepared to accept the challenge when it appears no other knight will dare, but Sir Gawain, youngest of Arthur s knights and his nephew, begs for the honour instead. The giant bends andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner And A Thousand Splendid Suns1047 Words  | 5 PagesAuthor: This story is based on the novels, The Kite Runner and A Thousand Splendid Suns, by Khaled Hosseini. Set in Kabul, Afghanistan, both stories revolve around the country’s political struggles. In The Kite Runner, Sohrab, the child of Hassan and Farzana, is placed in an orphanage, run by Zaman, after his parents are killed. In the same orphanage that Aziza, daughter of Laila, one of the protagonists of A Thousand Splendid Suns, is left at. Aziza was placed in the orphanage because her family couldRead MoreFriendship in A Thousand Splendid Sons by Khaled Hosseini Essay1607 Words  | 7 Pagesrelationship in our society is friendship. Women, specifically create nurturing and emotionally-fulfilling bonds with each other. They can create satisfying exchanges of ideas and feelings and find a way to increase inner strength and fulfillment in each other. An example of strong female bonding occurred in an epic novel, A Thousand Splendid Sons. Hosseini’s development of character through female bo nding is depicted through three different relationships. These include mother and daughter relationshipsRead MoreThe Legacy Of Andrew Jackson1090 Words  | 5 PagesBattle of New Orleans. Jackson’s victory in New Orleans was described by Robert Remini in his book entitled, â€Å"The Life of Andrew Jackson†as a â€Å" stupendous victory. It was the greatest feat of American arms up to that time. It was a splendid climax to a not-so-splendid war†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Remini, 3). His defeat of the British troops gained him popularity and national recognition, which helped pave the way for his presidential campaign years later (War of 1812). Overall, Andrew Jackson was a strong military leader
Thursday, December 12, 2019
Active and Passive Euthanasia-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about the Active and Passive Euthanasia. Answer: Introduction Active euthanasia, which acts as the direct and deliberate cause of the patients death by injecting potassium chloride was strictly prohibited in Canada until lately. Even, active euthanasia is also prohibited in the United States. On the contrary, passive euthanasia, which allows the patient to let die by not treating them or withholding medication is permissible in both the countries. The argument of active and passive euthanasia depends on sometimes the differences between killing and letting people die. The argument sometimes relies on the moral distinction of the active and passive euthanasia as one is considered as direct killing and other is just providing zero treatment to an afflicted patient and letting him or her die naturally. However, the moral differences of the active and passive euthanasia are morally equivalent to the James Rachels views. According to him, there is no reason preferring one over the other as difference between active and passive euthanasia do not make any one of the two morally better. In this essay, I will present Rachels equivalent placement of two kinds of euthanasia and the reasons for supporting his views on euthanasia. Discussions According to Rachel, killing or letting die distinction of active and passive euthanasia is unsuccessful as both form of euthanasia are morally equivalent. His view is not depending on the acceptability of any one form of euthanasia. However, he has discussed about the equivalent rationale of the two. Rachel has presented his argument with some practical contextual basis, which has added realistic dimension to his standpoint. He has coined his argument as equivalence thesis where he has stated that there is no moral difference between the killing and letting die. His reason is simple. He simply put that the killing someone and acts of letting someone die do not provide a morally good reason to support the judgment that the former is worse than the latter. However, in the equivalence thesis, Rachel did not prove any one or the other way is right or wrong. He has given some reasons to accept the thesis by providing two cases where one is involved with killing and another is engaged in letting die. However, his argument is that these two methods of euthanasia actually do not make any differences to our moral judgment. He imagined two situations where one person has killed his six-year old cousin and another person let his cousin die. Now, in both the cases, morality cannot be a standpoint. The question of morality in these two cases is an invalid question as one has killed and another did not take any preventive measure to safe from death. Morality is a vague and confusing parameter for judging the active and passive euthanasia. From the moral and ethical point of view, letting die is not bad than killing. Rachel has argued this by commenting that if one is permissible or objectionable other must be the same. Actually, in his view, any o ne method cannot be morally better than the other method. According to him, there is no bare difference between killing and letting die in the moral ground of actions concerning the life and the death. Therefore, he wanted to call this argument as the Bare Difference Argument. The only moral ground for the medical professionals could appear if the illness is curable but application of any form of euthanasia has already occurred. However, the methods, which has been used is not important and carries no difference as from the point of view of morality, both the process is same. Rachel has given an excellent example to prove this. He stated, If a doctor lets a patient die, for humane reasons, he is in the same moral position as if he had given the patient a lethal injection for humane reasons (Rachels, 1975). The possible counter arguments have stated that the cause of someones death in case of active euthanasia makes the moral difference between the two. In case of the passive euthanasia, there are no direct or indirect causes of the human agent in patients death, stated by Ramsey. However, from ethical ground, I could support Rachels argument, which stated that if not anyone wants to be the cause of someones death, then surely, anyone does not want to be the cause of someones letting die. However, it is impossible to conclude from this about the relatively desirable ground of passive euthanasia. Another two counter arguments presented in the Rachels essay are not satisfactory to me, as these provide no logical biasness of any one out of the two. Both of the counter arguments might be logically correct from the point of view of direct killing, however, both the arguments are illogical from the moral ground as killing and letting someone die are the same immoral act. Conclusion It can be concluded by stating that Rachels view of the equivalence thesis is more convincing to me as killing and letting someone die is same action from the ground of morality. These two types of euthanasia have no difference in the core. Considering the patients condition when euthanasia is thinkable, killing or letting him die causes no harm to him. However, if a doctor does not want to involve in direct killing, he would feel hesitant in letting someone die without giving him treatment. Thus, Rachels argument is more open-ended. He has no ground to support or defend any one of the two types of euthanasia. He has rejected the other counter arguments by his equivalence thesis. However, Rachels argument could limit doctors action by how far a doctor can go to help a person. By pointing out no differences between active and passive euthanasia, Rachel could influence the doctors action in the realistic ground. However, the doctor could do whatever comfortable for him. Rachel has ment ioned this point at the end of the essay, however, it is not clear throughout the essay. Reference Rachels, J. (1975). Active and Passive Euthanasia.New England Journal Of Medicine,292(2), 78-80. https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm197501092920206
Wednesday, December 4, 2019
The Effectiveness of Starbucks-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com
Questions: 1.Consider the three key forces driving the New Marketing realities. How are they likely to change in the future? What other major trends or forces might affect? 2.What brands and products do you feel successfully speak to you and effectively target your age group? Why? Which ones do not? What could they do better? Answers: Introduction Marketing management refers to the assessment, planning, execution and control of programs which is created to bring about the desired changes with target markets for the purpose of accomplishing company goals (Hollensen, 2015). This report explains the major three forces driving the new marketing realities. The report also analyzes how these forces are likely to change in the future and discuss the major trends or forces which may influence the marketing. The study describes the effectiveness of Starbucks which successfully expand its business activities globally among the customers. The study also shows the marketing strategies of Apple iPod which might be not much effective among customers and the tactics which company can adopt in order to enhance its products and services. 1.Key driving forces driving the marketing realities According to tp Swinburn et al. (2011), the main key forces driving the new marketing realities are explained as follows: Network information technology: According to Christensen (2013), the digital revolution has influence an Information age that ensure to prompt to more right levels of creation, more centered around interchanges and more relevant pricing. Technology will enable problematic business plan of action to decentralize the economies as the individual move from value systems based on ownership to ones empowering access. Digital innovation turns out to be continuously more significant as it is connected to ever increasing elements of life, business, and society (Axelsson and Easton, 2016). Business in the present time is inconceivable without the internet and the endless programming tools that individual use to handle the modern enterprise. There are large number of people which are social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn to communicate with one another, which comprises a trend with the enormous pattern. Retail Transformation: Store-based retailers confront rivalry from list houses, direct mail organization, magazine, and Television coordinate to-customer promotions, home shopping, TV and internet business (Arthur, 2013). Entrepreneurial retailers are building up amusement in their stores with cafs, shows, and presentations, advancing an affair instead of a product variety. Consumer purchasing behavior: According to De Mooij (2010), in part, because of disintermediation through the web, customers have extensively enhancing their purchasing power. From the workplace, work environment, or phones, they can compare the item cost and qualities and order stock online from wherever on the world, 24 hours for every day, 7 days seven days, by passing confined local offerings and perceiving particular esteem venture reserves. Surely, even business can run a switch auction in which sellers contend to get their business (Hjelmar, 2011). They can promptly mix with others to total their purchases and achieve facilitate volume rebates. Organizations can no longer to afford to drive blind. Rather, brands need to depend on complex technologies to personally involve with today's customers. The customer analysis, social knowledge, and machine interpretation tools are all critical elements created to assist brands in the delivering of the encounters that customers actually require, through messages that reverberate over the right languages, markets, and touch points. Major trends or forces which affect marketing According to Lee et al. (2012), the major forces which may be affecting the marketing are as follows: Governments: According to Wang et al. (2012), governments hold huge impact over the free markets. Financial and money related strategy essentially impacts the budgetary market. By developing and reducing the financing costs, the organization and Federal Reserve can practically move back or instigate to accelerate improvement inside the nation. The fiscal policy can be used to enable employment and to settle costs. By changing the interest rates and the quantity of dollars accessible on the public funds, governments can change how much speculation streams into and out of the country. International transactions: The stream of assets between countries impacts the strength of a nation's and its cash. Nations that commonly trade the physical items or services are continually bringing cash into their countries. This cash would then have the ability to reinvest and can strengthen the budgetary markets inside those nations. Speculation: Speculation is the vital section of the budgetary system. Where customers, speculators, and government officials trust the economy will go in future on impacts how solitary act today (Jylha and Suominen, 2011). Sentiment markers are conventionally used to preface how specific social events are feeling about the present economy. Examination of these indicators, and furthermore extraordinary structures and concentrated evaluation, can make a inclination or need for future expenses and patterns. Demand and Supply: Demand and supply for products, monetary standards, and other investment make a push-pull dynamic in costs. Costs and rates change with the adjustments in demand and supply for the items or services. On the other hand, if something is in necessity and supply begins to limit, expenses will increase. If supply increases past current prerequisites, there is a diminishment in cost. Similarly, if supply is generally relentless, expenses can shift higher and lower as demand rises or declines. 2.Brand and product that successfully speak and effectively target market Apple iPod: The brand which successfully expands its business activities is Apple iPod. Apple iPod is represented as a fashion accessory with the capability to customize in terms of color and the music the customers put on it. According to Koen et al. (2011), it appeals to youngsters sense of innovation, and is highly convenient and suited to quick-paced lifestyles. The brand could create the iPod a bit use more east to use, just as Microsoft has folders on Window, the iPod has an excessive number of sub-levels and is difficult to find a tune now and again. As far, the marketing of this product is also better, rather than targeting just the millennial generation, Gen-Xer's require to be focused also which may be influencing the iPod to look a bit more professional. Starbucks: According to Chua and Banerjee (2013), Starbucks placed in areas where students are likely to visit, such as universities, town centers, cafes organized and enhance social interaction, varieties of coffee and different refreshments gives customer decision and helps create youth individuality in a choice of drink. The worldwide development of Starbucks has been fast and strategic. The organization's brand strategy has kept pace with time and has progressed to abuse new and creating customer engagement stages. The main features which successfully explore its products and services among the customers are explained as follows: Innovative concepts: The organization operates a site known as mystarbucksidea.com, where customers can leave considerations for the organization in order to enhance its products and customer encounter, enhance inclusion with the general public and increment social obligation. This is compared to the rising strategy of crowd sourcing in the field of development. Web-presence: The brand has a sizable online internet social networking and computerized presence, which has seen restored focus in the current years. This has been driven the need to better include with customers and furthermore be seen on stages where the objective or future customers spend time in the web. The organization has strong believed in making and building up the brand through verbal channels and by being visible in a customer's life. This brand setting up standard is obviously reflected in the organization's bran promotion and correspondence strategies. The growth chart of Starbucks Starbucks can do better in the future by focusing on their marketing strategies by adopting the following methods: Starbucks can enhance the length of time that brand new Baristas expend in training. The brand should create strategies for providing coffee education including coffee seminars by engaging customers. Enhance the measure of pay that the most tenured Starbucks baristas get Include more non-coverage time and fix the refill strategy. On the other hand, the Apple iPod is not yet successfully address and effectively target the market. Because of the high prices of the products, mostly the target customers of this brand are high class peoples and youngsters. The brand is making great effort to promote its products and services globally among the customers. Generally, the demand for this product is not much needed by the customers which can dropped down the profits of company. In order to expand this product, the brand should create their market strategies, by focusing on the pricing factors so that customer will afford and purchase the product. Conclusion From this report, it has been concluded that there are many major forces or drivers which could affect the new market realities and marketer should keep in mind these forces in order to survive presently and in the future. This report explains the three key forces driving the new marketing realities which should be considered to be successful in the future and the likely effects of these forces on the marketing activities. The study also explains the major trends which may affect marketing and enable the organization to focus on these forces towards accomplishing the business objective. The report shows the features of Starbucks and Apple iPod which make them effective and successful in delivering their products and services to the customers. References Arthur, L., 2013.Big data marketing engage your customers more effectively and drive value. John Wiley Sons. Axelsson, B. and Easton, G. eds., 2016.Industrial networks: a new view of reality. Routledge. Christensen, C., 2013.The innovator's dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Harvard Business Review Press. Chua, A.Y. and Banerjee, S., 2013. Customer knowledge management via social media: the case of Starbucks.Journal of Knowledge Management,17(2), pp.237-249. De Mooij, M., 2010.Consumer behavior and culture: Consequences for global marketing and advertising. Sage. Hjelmar, U., 2011. Consumers purchase of organic food products. A matter of convenience and reflexive practices.Appetite,56(2), pp.336-344. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Jylh, P. and Suominen, M., 2011. Speculative capital and currency carry trades.Journal of Financial Economics,99(1), pp.60-75. Koen, P.A., Bertels, H.M. and Elsum, I.R., 2011. The three faces of business model innovation: Challenges for established firms.Research-Technology Management,54(3), pp.52-59. Lee, S.M., Olson, D.L. and Trimi, S., 2012. Co-innovation: convergenomics, collaboration, and co-creation for organizational values.Management Decision,50(5), pp.817-831. Swinburn, B.A., Sacks, G., Hall, K.D., McPherson, K., Finegood, D.T., Moodie, M.L. and Gortmaker, S.L., 2011. The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments.The Lancet,378(9793), pp.804-814. Wang, C., Hong, J., Kafouros, M. and Wright, M., 2012. Exploring the role of government involvement in outward FDI from emerging economies.Journal of International Business Studies,43(7), pp.655-676.
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